• Revising higher education legislation and laws.
• Increasing the number of higher educational institutions.
• Qualifying of teaching staff
• Authentication of knowledge
• Arabcization of sciences at the higher education and scientific research institutions.
• Encouraging scientific research related to the solution of the country's development, economic and social problems and linking the higher education with the environment and society.

The legislation and laws of higher education has been revised to assimilate philosphies and objectives of the higher education which aim at responding to the demands and needs of the society with its various environments and affirmation of the Sudanese identity.
Expansion of the old universities and establishment of new ones in the states.

The expansion of the old universities has included establishment of new faculties of medicine, engineering, textile technology, animal production, petroleum engineering, mining, electronic engineering, computer engineering, computer engineering, computer sciences in addition to the endemic diseases institute and sections for medicine, eye surgery and veterinary studies.

At the start of the Education Revolution, a number of universities have been established including the universities of Kordofan, September 1, in Darfur, Nile Valley and Al-Sharq. These universities have been established in a short period of time and that their faculties have widely been distributed in the various parts of the country. The establishment of the Upper Nile, Bahrel-Ghazal, Sinnar, Al-Imam, Al-Mahdi, Al-Azhari and later Edamazin and Bakht Al-Ridha universities have come after.
Following the promotion of the province's colleges, another decision was issued promoting them to become universities of Dalanj, Neyala, Zalinji, Shendi, dongola, Port Sudan, Kassala and Gadarif, and that the number of universities have become 19 spreading all over the various states in addition to the Sudanization of Cairo Branch University in Khartoum and renaming it as Al-Nilein University and promotion of the former African Islamic Centre to the International University of Africa.
The Geographical Distribution of the Old Universities:

University of Khartoum (Khartoum State)
Omdurman Islamic University (Khartoum State)
University of Gezira (Gezira State)
University of Juba (Bahrel-Jabel State)

Sudan University of Science & Technology (Khartoum State)
Al-Nilein University (Khartoum State)
Holy Koran & Islamic Sciences University (Khartoum State)
Aza'eem Al-Azhari University (Khartoum State)
University of Kordofan (North Kordofan State)
University of Al-Dalanj (South Kordofan State)
University of Kassala (Kassala State)
Red Sea University (Red Sea State)
University of Gadarif (Gadarif State)
Nile Valley University (Nahrel Neel State)
University of Shendi (Nahrel Neel State)
University of Dongola (Northern State)
University of Fashir (North Darfur State)
University of Neyala (South Darfur State)
University of Zalinji (West Darfur State)
University of Bahrel-Ghazal (North Bahrel-Ghazal State)
University of Upper Nile (Upper Nile State)
University of Sinnar (Sinnar State)
Al-Imam Al-Mahdi University (White Nile State)
University of Edamazin (Blue Nile State)
Bakht Al-Rudha (White Nile State)

Admission to the higher education institutions for the academic years of 89/90 - 1994/1995
The Following table shows the increase in the number of specialization due to the education revolution.
During the second Three-Year-Programme (1996-98), three new universities were established in West Kordofan State, Al-Managil and Edueim and other faculties were also established as shown in the following table:

In order to offer an equal chance for the states' students to pursue their higher education, the National Council of the Higher Education in its first meeting in 1990, has issued two decisions stipulating the following:

1. Allocating 20% of the seats of the universities in the states annually for the students of these states.
2. Allocating rare specializations seats now available in the universities of the states for the students coming from least developed states.

1. Regarding the internal qualification, the Post-Graduate College of the University of Khartoum was se expanded that the number of the registered students reached 6000 students. Moreover, post-graduate colleges and councils have been established at Omdurman Islamic University, University of Gezira, sudan University of Science & Technology, Nile Valley University, University of Holy Koran & Islamic Sciences, University of Juba and Al-Nilein University.
2. Concerning qualification abroad, several agreements have been made with most of the sister and friendly countries, a matter which opened the door for post-graduate scholarships for the teaching staff abroad as the following table illustrates:
   

In accordance with regulations and laws of higher education institutions, the Higher Education & Scientific Research Ministry has authorized establishment of 10 new private colleges for encouraging and boosting contribution of the private institutions to the higher Education Revolution which aims at expanding the higher education institutions.
Moreover, a number of private colleges have been promoted to universities; Al-Ahfad University College was promoted to the Ahfad University and Omdurman Ahlia College was also promoted to Omdurman Ahlia University, while the new colleges include Al-Nasr Technical College, Sudan University College (for girl students), Khartoum Applied College, Computer Science College, Aviation Science College and Wad Medani Ahlia College.

Since authentication is the main issue of the Higher Education Revolution, the Higher Education & Scientific Research Ministry has formed a committee in charge with authentication and working out plans and programmes for the authentication of sciences to reflect the characteristics of the Sudanese people and their belief and their Islamic, Arab and African heritage.
The committee, aided by the other institutions working in this field, is also responsible for preparing academic programmes drawing a great number of professors to form committees in all knowledge's branches and to be in charge with revising curriculums in accordance with specific derectives.
The Knowledge Authentication Committee is working on establishing centres for the islamization of knowledge for qualifying scholars to produce authentic materials. Accordingly, Knowledge Islamization Centre was established at the University of the Gezira as well as boosting of the Islamic Thoughts in Washington with an aim of benefiting from its experiment in the islamization of knowledge.

According to the goals of the universities including a firmation of the Sudanese nation identity and attempts to resolve the social, cultural and development issues, the following objectives have been achieved:

• Linking goals and curriculum of the universities with environment and natural resources.
• Teaching sciences in Arabic language and provision of sufficient amount of scientific references written in Arabic language and encourage writing, publication and printing to make them available.
• The universities contribute in the rural development and raising production sufficiency. Organizing regular training sessions to qualify workers.
• Participate in scientific research on development projects. Utilizing the students' capabilities in the illiteracy eradication campaigns.

• Energy: Exploitation of solar energy for lighting and storing vaccines in rural areas, wind energy for pumping water at Tokar, biogas in North Kordofan and production of charcoal from the cotton stalks at the Rahad Agricultural Scheme.
• Environment and Natural Resources: Technology of agriculture at the arid and desert areas, natural fertilization of legumes, and the adoption of biological pests control as alternative of chemicals.
• Tropical medicine: Bilharzia technology and the diagnostic technology of endemic deseases.
• Medical and aromatic plants: the use of local plants for the treatment of jaundice and microbes in general.

It coordinates work of the national institutions applying atomic energy for peaceful purposes and expanding it for peaceful application of this technology in cooperation with international, regional and Arab atomic energy corporations. Last year, the corporation has set 15 technical aid projects. Eight of these projects estimated at 2.2 million dollars as a grant in form of equipment, apparatus and funding of graining opportunities and the experts' visits to Sudan as well were endorsed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Many of the national institutions such as Atomic Energy Corporation, Agricultural Research Corporation, Veterinary Research Corporation, Radiation and Isotope Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Khartoum, Institute of Nuclear Medicine of the University of Gezira and Ministry of Irrigation benefiting from the procjet.

The Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry's foreign relations with sister and friendly countries involve exchange of scholarships, visiting professors, external examiners, secondment, execution of joint research and experiments in addition to the obtaining of books and sientific equipment.

The Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry maintains relations with organizations operating in the field of education, science and culture such as the UNESCO and ISESCO whose programmes are placing a wide room for higher education. Here below are some aspects of the Ministry's cooperation with these organizations:

• The UNESCO has provided financial support for the Sudanese students studying abroad and carried out technical studies in Sudan through its experts in the field of engineering and agricultural education and it is seeking to provide appropriate funding for these two domains.
• The UNESCO chair for water was established in pursuance of an agreement jointly reached by the organization and the Islamic University of Omdurman for conducting research on the use of water.
• The Higher Education Institutions have made use of the UNESCO's support for establishing their infrastructure and importing laboratories.
• The Sudan and the UNSECO have signed lately an agreement recognizing studies by higher education.
• Another agreement was also reached with the organization stipulating joing cooperation in the various fields and now work is underway to implement it.

The Sudan is linked with coordination and cooperation ties with ALESCO in the field of arabicization as the later has provided 40,000 US dollars in support of arabicization process in the country.

The Sudan is enjoying good cooperation ties which IAEA on a number of technical aid projects funded by the Agency at several ministries and institutions such as the Agricultural Research Corporation, Atomic energy Corporation, Veterinary Research Corporation and the Ministry of Irrigation.

As Sudan is a member of the AAEC, the Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry attends and participates in its meetings and activities.
The Ministry has signed a memo of understanding with AAEC on the exchange of experts and training of technicians for the peaceful use of atomic energy.

The Higher Education and Scientific Research Ministry and the World Health Organization are jointly coordinating and cooperating in the field of medical studies as the latter has helped in funding the post-graduate studies in the domain of basic medical sciences. The first batch of the master degree holders graudated in 1985.

The Union is contributing in promoting technology in the Sudan whose membership in the union is represented by the Sudan University of Science and Technology. The union organized a workshop in Sudan from which a number of Sudanese have benefited.

The Union offers opportunities for the staff members of higher education and scientific research institutions for training and attending scientific seminars. A workshop on this purpose was held in Sudan.

Higher Education Ministry's delegates have participated in several foreign activities within the context of joint scientific cooperation with sister and friendly countries and the signing of agreements and working programmes which assisted the ministry over its commitment to provide higher education needs especially in the field of arabicization and qualification of the teaching staff.
Delegations have represented the Sudan in the activities of the international and regional corporations and organizations, top of this was the conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the UNESCO through which higher education and services projects have received assistance.
Regarding the Sudan's hosting of conferences and international occasions, the ministry has organized in Khartoum meetings of African and Arab university unions which offered cooperations opportunities between the Sudanese and Arab universities and that the Sudanese universities have obtained memberships of these unions.
Moreover, the Arab League Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ALESCO) has held its conference.
The seventh Arabicization Conference in which representatives of Arab bodies concerned with arabicization took part, was held on the sideline of the ALESCO conference.
Unified scientific dictionaries prepared by the Arabicization Higher Authorities were approved by the conference.